不同光质对长鞭红景天悬浮细胞生长及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的影响

对不同光质条件下长鞭红景天悬浮细胞生物量及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性水平进行检测,探讨长鞭红景天次生代谢和环境调节之间的相关性.结果表明:1)长鞭红景天悬浮培养细胞生物量变化为S型曲线,6～9 d进入直线生长期,PAL活性也表现出一定的规律性,在细胞指数生长期急剧上升,至细胞干质量最大时,活性最大,生长停止期时急速下降至初始水平;2)不同光质在较长时间辐射处理下,长鞭红景天悬浮细胞生物量表现出一定的差异,PAL活性也随之不同,其中长时间的红光处理有利于酶活性的提高,但生物量显著低于白光处理.     

生物技术在药用植物育种中的研究现状

生物技术是一门建立在现代生命科学理论基础上的技术，随着生命科学领域研究的突飞猛进，生物技术变得更加强有力，已渗透到工业、农业、医学、林业等各个领域，并发挥着日益重要的作用。综述了细胞工程、基因工程、分子标记技术等生物技术在药用植物育种中的研究现状，展示了生物技术作为一项重要的育种技术，在提高中药材品质、保护药用植物资源方面的应用前景。     

Antiproliferative activity of Goldfussia psilostachys ethanolic extract on K562 leukemia cells

A dose-dependent and significant (P<0.01) antiproliferative effect of Goldfussia psilostachys ethanolic extract was observed on K562 cells. The IC(50) is ca. 0.5 microg/ml. The extract markedly increases the proportion of cell in G2/M phases and decreases the population of cells in G0/G1 phases. Moreover, the antimitotic effect is correlated with polymerization of microtubule assembly. These results indicate that G. psilostachys ethanolic extract inhibits the proliferation of K562 cells and disrupts the normal dynamic of microtubules during mitosis.     

Aqueous extract of Anemarrhena rhizome increases cell proliferation and neuropeptide Y expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

In this study, the effects of the aqueous extract of Anemarrhena rhizome on cell proliferation and neuropeptide Y expression in the dentate gyrus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated via immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and neuropeptide Y. The results showed that the treatment with 50 to 200 mug/kg/day for 7 days of the aqueous extract of Anemarrhena rhizome increased new cell formation and neuropeptide Y expression in the dentate gyrus of diabetic rats reduced by the treatment with streptozotocin in rat.     

台湾金线莲增殖培养试验

以台湾金线莲茎尖为外植体诱导的腋芽作为中间繁殖体材料,开展基本培养基和植物生长调节剂对增殖培养的影响,结果表明,基本培养基、6-BA和NAA及其水平对台湾金线莲茎尖的增殖均有显著或极显著影响,最佳增殖培养基的配方是MS+6-BA 3.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1,其繁殖系数达5.9。     

Probing mode of action in plant cell cycle by the herbicide endothall, a protein phosphatase inhibitor

The mode of action of endothall, an herbicide which was reported to inhibit plant protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A), was investigated. For initial characterization, a series of bioassays was used for comprehensive physiological profiling of endothall effects which suggested a phytotoxic mode of action similar to mitotic disrupter herbicides. Unlike known microtubule disrupters, endothall did not inhibit soybean tubulin polymerization in vitro. As shown in meristematic corn root tips, endothall distorted the orientation of cell division plane and microtubule spindle structures which led to cell cycle arrest in prometaphase. In tobacco BY-2 cells, malformed spindles together with prometaphase arrest of nuclei and abnormal perinuclear microtubule patterns were detected as early as 4 h of endothall treatment. These effects were also observed after treatment with other protein phosphatase inhibitors, cantharidin and okadaic acid, which phenocopied the mitotic changes described in tonneau1 (ton1) and tonneau2 (ton2) Arabidopsis mutants. These mutants are defective in TONNEAU2 (TON2) protein, a regulatory subunit of PP2A, which governs cell division plane and microtubule orientation. Therefore, PP2A/TON2 phosphatase complex is suggested to be an in planta molecular target of endothall. However, in BY-2 cells, additional effects of endothall, including inhibition of S-phase initiation and DNA synthesis, detected by 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, and condensed nuclei arrested in late mitosis were observed which were not reported in Arabidopsiston1 and ton2 mutants. This result indicates that two additional checkpoints in cell cycle were blocked by endothall which are probably not associated with TON2-pathway inhibition. Possibly, inhibition of PP1 and/or other PP2A protein phosphatases are involved in the regulation of these cell cycle phenomena.     

绿竹BoGPIAP基因克隆与异位表达研究

糖基化磷脂酰肌醇锚定蛋白(GPIAP)因其结构和功能的多样性,决定了它在各种生物学过程中都发挥着重要作用。采用同源克隆的方法从绿竹(Bambusa oldhamii)中获得一个GPIAP同源基因,命名为BoGPIAP,cDNA全长1 772 bp,其中包括1 356 bp的开放阅读框,编码一个451 aa的的蛋白。蛋白结构分析表明,该蛋白包含1个典型的GPIAP家族保守区域(47-211)和1个CCVS结构域,在N-端和C-端分别具有1个跨膜信号肽和1个GPI锚定信号肽,属于GPIAP家族。构建BoGPIAP与GFP融合的表达载体,在洋葱表皮细胞中瞬时表达,结果显示BoCOBL::GFP融合蛋白定位于细胞膜上,证明BoGPIAP基因编码的蛋白为膜蛋白。分别构建BoGPIAP的正义、反义表达载体并转化烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)。PCR检测结果表明,BoGPIAP已转入烟草。与野生型相比,转反义基因植株细弱,纤维细胞壁明显变薄;而转正义基因植株粗壮,纤维细胞壁明显变厚。表明BoGPIAP可能对竹子纤维细胞壁的发育具有调控作用。     

水果裂果研究进展

综述了国内外对鲜食水果裂果的研究进展，从果实的形态解剖特性、环境因子、栽培措施、矿质营养元素与平衡等方面阐述了裂果发生的机理。认为表皮细胞大、果实角质层薄易于裂果；果实生长前期，土壤含水量不足，果皮发育受到影响，果实发育后期，久旱逢雨，果肉细胞迅速增大可造成裂果；缺钙、钾等矿质元素，易产生裂果。提出了预防裂果的几项措施。     

苦参碱对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖、凋亡及抗氧化能力的影响

【目的】探究苦参碱对体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)增殖、凋亡及抗氧化能力的影响。【方法】利用含0(A组),25(B组),50(C组),75(D组)和100μg/mL(E组)苦参碱的培养基培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞。通过四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测BMECs活性,采用流式细胞仪(AnnexinV/PI双染法)检测苦参碱对BMECs凋亡的影响,并检测苦参碱对BMECs抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,采用real-time PCR对BMECs中Caspase-3、p53、STAT1和SOCS3基因的相对表达量进行检测。【结果】用药5d时,低质量浓度(25和50μg/mL)苦参碱对BMECs增殖具有促进作用,高质量浓度(75和100μg/mL)苦参碱对细胞增殖具有抑制作用;B~E组BMECs的凋亡率均极显著高于A组(P0.01);B~E组BMECs培养上清液中NO和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平明显高于A组。B~E组BMECs的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均比A组高,其中C组极显著高于A组(P0.01);B~E组的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均极显著高于A组(P0.01),E组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平极显著高于A组(P0.01),各组MDA含量无显著性差异。与A组相比,苦参碱上调了B~E组BMECs中Caspase-3、p53、STAT1和SOCS3基因的相对表达量。【结论】低质量浓度苦参碱能够促进BMECs增殖,高质量浓度苦参碱则会抑制BMECs增殖;不同质量浓度苦参碱均可提高BMECs的抗氧化能力,其中50μg/mL苦参碱提高BMECs抗氧化能力的效果最明显。     

Antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of Pinus radiata bark extract in salmonid cell lines

A fish meal supply shortage is limiting aquaculture development. Currently, plant‐based proteins, such as soya bean meal, are being used as an alternative protein source, despite that such a diet can adversely affect fish, such as by inducing an inflammatory response. A possible solution is to include dietary additives in farm diets to counteract negative effects. One such solution originates from pine bark extracts, which present bioactive properties. In this study, the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties of Pinus radiata bark extracts were evaluated for the first time in a salmonid cell line. This extract chemically demonstrated antioxidant activity through 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH = 58.4 ± 1.1%) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP = 575 ± 17 mgEqFe(II)·g extract^?1) assays. Additionally, the extract showed high flavonoid and phenolic compound contents. Up to 100 mg mL^?1, the P. radiata extract showed no cytotoxicity in the CHSE‐214 salmonid embryo cell line. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the extract (50 μg mL^?1) was evaluated by a dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) assay in the SHK‐1 salmon cell line challenged with an oxidant stimulus (H₂O₂), showing 58.9% activity. The extract also protected DNA from oxidative damage, as observed through a comet assay. When assessing anti‐inflammatory properties in an in vitro inflammation model, the extract significantly reduced the relative expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and of the inducible cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) enzyme. These results suggest a potential application of P. radiata bark extract in functional foods in aquaculture.